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アイテム
環境保全・負荷低減型の居住空間構築に向けた建物の外部構造と材料に関する研究
https://doi.org/10.18997/00003732
https://doi.org/10.18997/000037328b26a3f9-446a-43e9-84f3-13de7d8eff1a
| 名前 / ファイル | ライセンス | アクション |
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D-154_kou_k_336.pdf (22.6 MB)
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| アイテムタイプ | 学位論文 = Thesis or Dissertation(1) | |||||||||
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| 公開日 | 2013-10-31 | |||||||||
| 資源タイプ | ||||||||||
| 資源タイプ識別子 | http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_db06 | |||||||||
| 資源タイプ | doctoral thesis | |||||||||
| タイトル | ||||||||||
| タイトル | Study on Outside Configurations of Buildings and Its Materials Toward Developing Environmental Dwelling Spaces | |||||||||
| 言語 | en | |||||||||
| タイトル | ||||||||||
| タイトル | 環境保全・負荷低減型の居住空間構築に向けた建物の外部構造と材料に関する研究 | |||||||||
| 言語 | ja | |||||||||
| その他のタイトル | ||||||||||
| その他のタイトル | Study on Outside Configurations on Buildings and its Materials toward Developing Environmental Dwelling Spaces | |||||||||
| 言語 | en | |||||||||
| 言語 | ||||||||||
| 言語 | eng | |||||||||
| 著者 |
石松, 一仁
× 石松, 一仁
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| 抄録 | ||||||||||
| 内容記述タイプ | Abstract | |||||||||
| 内容記述 | Biodiversity was introduced as a major objective in worldwide conservation strategies at the conference in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, and 155 states signed the conservation on it. Biodiversity is quite important for humankind because ecosystem service consists in biodiversity. It was thought that only natural areas supported biodiversity before that, however, many papers have been nowadays revealing that urban areas also hugely contribute to it. Thus, activities for preserving and restoring urban biodiversity have took place all over the world as of today. Despite those activities, the circumstance of urban biodiversity has been decaying year on year. It can be safely said that the biggest cause is that almost all of urban areas are covered by impermeable surfaces such as concrete or asphalt, because creatures and plants cannot live on such areas. In addition, current urban areas are two or three degrees C hotter than suburban areas, and consume more electric power for running air-conditioners. It is called “Urban Heat Islands” related to global warming. These negative phenomena have put fragile species into extinction. This present thesis aimed to (a) explore methods for restoring urban biodiversity and developing low-energy buildings by means of altering the outside of buildings without any dramatic changes of urban formations and (b) proposal to the future urban planning toward sustainable society encompassing those methods. The Chapter 1 made the statement on the background and purpose for this thesis as described above in detail. The Chapter 2 investigated on the cooling effect of green roofs which have been newly installed in urban areas in Japan during the past decade. Almost all of the green roofs aim to improve indoor thermal environments in midsummer, and about half of them are extensive roofs (soil layer of between 25 and 100mm) with lawn grass or sedum. In the Middle East countries or the southern part of India, however, irrigated-soil covered roof without any plants is the mainstream in order to maximise the amount of evaporation on the rooftop. Due to this, the author hypothesised that extensive green roof was not able to hugely affect indoor thermal environment. As the result of comparative experiments by use of miniature green roofs, 500 × 500[mm], the hypothesis were verified. Next, contributions of am irrigated light soil of depth 50[mm], sunlight reflection and green wall by loofa (Luffa cylindrica) for cooling inside a building were assessed by means of six Green Cube, 2500×2500×2500[mm]. Inside temperatures and electricity consumption for running an air-conditioner in each of the six cubes were monitored. As a result, to cover roofs with irrigated soil may be the most beneficial way because of lower cost for installing and maintenance than any green roofs, with only slightly lower performance. Next, it was shown that green wall was in first place, followed by irrigated light soil and sunlight reflection, in order of effective approach for achieving a desirable indoor thermal environment, in terms of metrics for both inside temperature and electricity consumption for running the air-conditioner. Beside, in case of combining treated roof and walls, the effect of cooling potential was naturally higher. Thus, it can be seen that irrigated soil-covered roof plays a role to cooling inside temperature and reducing consumption of the air-conditioner. Although the environmental functions of green roofs are often highlighted (e.g., mitigation of rainwater runoff, reducing Urban Heat Islands and so on), the cost-effectiveness is not superior due to the fact that installation and maintenance costs are so expensive. There are a number of inexpensive alternative ways to achieve similar environmental aims. It should be noted that green roof gets to be essential only in the case of rehabilitating urban biodiversity under the condition that open space in urban area is usually small. In the Chapter 3, the author outlines brown/biodiverse roofing in the UK, which is a relatively new type of extensive roofing for provision of mimic brownfields for brownfield wildlife, benefiting from techniques that offer diverse habitats under the severe conditions resulting from the thin substrate layer. To promote biodiversity, a variety of substrates are used, including a chalk and subsoil mixture, loamy topsoil, and gravel. In addition, crushed brick favours ruderal vegetation and can thus be used to replicate the brownfield biodiversity that was in place before development began. The brown/biodiverse roof aims to provide vegetal and animal species with habitats while somehow managing to grow vegetation without any irrigation system or fertilizer. It was reported that spiders, beetles, bees, wasps, ants and so on, which can be seen at brownfields, were found on Laban Dance Centre (brown/biodiverse) roof in London despite the fact they do not have a very long history. It should be noted that green roof industries in Japan consider the concept of brown/biodiverse roofs. In the Chapter 4, as the result of the Chapter 2 that wall has more significant possibilities for cooling inside environment than rooftop, the author focuses on Shikkui, a Japanese traditional architectural material. Although it is known that inside dwellings with Shikkui walls are comparatively cooler than the others, modern dwellings have yet to utilise their characteristics due to poor academic analysis on the material. Thus, this Chapter aims to reveal the heat release characteristics of Shikkui and pave the way for utilising it as an energy-saving technology. As a result of calculating the amount of heat release characteristics from Shikkui with the use of the temperature difference between Shikkui and Siding experimental houses, it was 4.8×10^4J. It can be safely said that Shikkui contributes to energy saving in summer. In addition, it is thought that weather conditions (e.g., solar radiation, wind, temperature, humidity and so on), which are related to evaporation on Shikkui, directly affect the heat release characteristics from Shikkui. The Chapter 5 plans a distribution of brown/biodiverse roofs in order to restore existing networks among green spaces at Shimoitozu area (54ha) in Kitakyushu City. As the result of the planning by means of Graph Theory and Gravity Modeling, it was found that installments of brown/biodiverse roofs (total 0.035ha) can improve a connectivity among green areas (total 1.4ha) within the site. On the other hand, the author calculated a Shikkui’s potential for cooling, supposing that a part of dwelling walls within the site was replaced with Shikkui walls. As a result, 6.9×10^<10>J was obtained as a Shikkui’s potential for cooling during daytime hours within the site. The Chapter 7 describes the conclusion of this thesis and future issues in this research field. | |||||||||
| 備考 | ||||||||||
| 内容記述タイプ | Other | |||||||||
| 内容記述 | 九州工業大学博士学位論文 学位記番号:工博甲第336号 学位授与年月日:平成24年9月30日 | |||||||||
| キーワード | ||||||||||
| 主題Scheme | Other | |||||||||
| 主題 | Urban biodiversity | |||||||||
| キーワード | ||||||||||
| 主題Scheme | Other | |||||||||
| 主題 | Green cube project | |||||||||
| キーワード | ||||||||||
| 主題Scheme | Other | |||||||||
| 主題 | Brown/biodiverse roof | |||||||||
| キーワード | ||||||||||
| 主題Scheme | Other | |||||||||
| 主題 | Shikkui | |||||||||
| キーワード | ||||||||||
| 主題Scheme | Other | |||||||||
| 主題 | Green roof | |||||||||
| アドバイザー | ||||||||||
| 伊東, 啓太郎 | ||||||||||
| 学位授与番号 | ||||||||||
| 学位授与番号 | 甲第336号 | |||||||||
| 学位名 | ||||||||||
| 学位名 | 博士（工学） | |||||||||
| 学位授与年月日 | ||||||||||
| 学位授与年月日 | 2012-09-30 | |||||||||
| 学位授与機関 | ||||||||||
| 学位授与機関識別子Scheme | kakenhi | |||||||||
| 学位授与機関識別子 | 17104 | |||||||||
| 学位授与機関名 | 九州工業大学 | |||||||||
| 学位授与年度 | ||||||||||
| 内容記述タイプ | Other | |||||||||
| 内容記述 | 平成24年度 | |||||||||
| 出版タイプ | ||||||||||
| 出版タイプ | VoR | |||||||||
| 出版タイプResource | http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 | |||||||||
| アクセス権 | ||||||||||
| アクセス権 | open access | |||||||||
| アクセス権URI | http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 | |||||||||
| ID登録 | ||||||||||
| ID登録 | 10.18997/00003732 | |||||||||
| ID登録タイプ | JaLC | |||||||||
