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水熱法による農業廃棄物からの付加価値製品の研究
https://doi.org/10.18997/00008657
https://doi.org/10.18997/00008657c98d5faf-2871-4c5b-97fc-da72206dbf93
| 名前 / ファイル | ライセンス | アクション |
|---|---|---|
sei_k_416.pdf (6.3 MB)
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| アイテムタイプ | 学位論文 = Thesis or Dissertation(1) | |||||||
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| 公開日 | 2021-12-17 | |||||||
| 資源タイプ | ||||||||
| 資源タイプ識別子 | http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_db06 | |||||||
| 資源タイプ | doctoral thesis | |||||||
| タイトル | ||||||||
| タイトル | Studies of Added Value Products from Agricultural Wastes through Hydrothermal Method | |||||||
| 言語 | en | |||||||
| タイトル | ||||||||
| タイトル | 水熱法による農業廃棄物からの付加価値製品の研究 | |||||||
| 言語 | ja | |||||||
| 言語 | ||||||||
| 言語 | eng | |||||||
| 著者 |
Izzudin Bin Ibrahim
× Izzudin Bin Ibrahim
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| 抄録 | ||||||||
| 内容記述タイプ | Abstract | |||||||
| 内容記述 | The oil palm industry's steady growth over the past decade has resulted in the increasing production of waste solid and liquid biomass such as oil palm frond （OPF） and palm oil mill effluent （POME）. Current disposal practices are not environmentally friendly and undermine the vast potential of biomass as a renewable resource. Due to this problem, research regarding the utilization and valorization of oil palm biomass as raw material for the production of value-added products has gained interest. Many new methods and processes to treat biomass and produce materials such as cellulose-based materials, biochar, activated carbon, and biofuels have been reported, but adoption by the industry has been lackluster. There has been a figurative wall that inhibits implementation and adoption, far beyond bench and pilot scale. Among the factors that inhibit adoption include complicated processes that require specialized equipment and chemicals, multiple pretreatment steps that increase the time required, and waste that needs to be disposed of, besides related increased cost to the industry. The research community must develop simpler, appropriate technology in utilizing oil palm biomass that can be easily adopted by the industry. This study presents several methods to try to solve the problems stated above. By utilizing the hydrothermal process, biomass （oil palm frond） and its derivative （oil palm empty fruit bunch biochar） were treated using nitric acid as oxidizing agent to remove lignin and in the case of biochar, to improve its performance via additional surface functional groups. For the hydrothermal lignin removal process, treated oil palm frond （OPF） lignin content decreased by 86.5% after 30 min of treatment at 120°C. Cellulose yield was 68.2% which is comparable to other previously reported literature. Further analysis using TGA, FTIR, and XRD concluded that hydrothermally treated OPF has similar thermal stability, surface chemical property, and crystallinity to commercially available cellulose products （microcrystalline cellulose）. The process was also applied to oil palm empty fruit bunch （OPEFB） and Matake bamboo without any modification and pretreatment. Both biomass shows similar lignin reduction and properties such as treated OPF which showed that the process can be applied to other types of biomass without significant parameter modification. Hydrothermally treated biomass still showed a significant amount of hemicellulose which can be problematic especially in the production of cellulose-based composites and fibers. Removal of hemicellulose via superheated steam （SHS） treatment is proposed due to the excellent hemicellulose removal efficiency reported in the literature. It was found that the process produced biomass that can dissolve in sodium hydroxide （NaOH） solution at room temperature. This property was novel since the dissolution of cellulose in alkali solution usually requires additives such as urea and thiourea, and sub-zero temperature. NaOH-soluble biomass was analyzed via TGA, FTIR, and XRD which showed similar physical and chemical characteristics as normal cellulose fiber （MCC）. 13C cross-polarization magic angle spinning （CPMAS） nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR） spectroscopy analysis suggested that the reduction in intra-chain and inter-sheet hydrogen bonding strength is the contributing factor in the increased solubility of cellulose after SHS treatment. Besides direct biomass treatment, the hydrothermal process was also applied to biochar from oil palm biomass （OPEFB） to improve its performance in adsorbing dye and heavy metals. The process successfully increased the amount of surface functional groups without significant change in the surface morphology based on SEM, BET surface area, FTIR, and EDX analysis. Adsorption isotherm experiments suggested that the adsorption process occurred following the Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Intra-particle diffusion model analysis suggested multiple stages of adsorption. Adsorption performance of functionalized biochar in removing dye and heavy metal from aqueous solution showed improved performance, with almost 7x increase in methylene blue adsorption capacity, and up to 6x increase in removal percentage for heavy metal adsorption. This result suggested that biochar performance can be improved through functionalization, and the process can be done using the hydrothermal method. The results presented in this thesis provide new methods and processes that can be easily implemented in the industry due to its simplicity, lower usage of chemicals, and utilizing available resources in the palm oil mill industry such as hydrothermal treatment （fresh fruit bunch sterilizer） and steam from the boiler. This result can help promotes better technology for the oil palm industry. | |||||||
| 目次 | ||||||||
| 内容記述タイプ | TableOfContents | |||||||
| 内容記述 | 1 Introduction||2 Literature Review||3 Hydrothermal Lignin Removal from Oil Palm Biomass||4 Combined Hydrothermal and Superheated Steam （SHS） Treatment on Biomass||5 Hydrothermal Surface Functionalization of Oil Palm Biochar and Other Carbon Material||6 Conclusion and Recommendations | |||||||
| 備考 | ||||||||
| 内容記述タイプ | Other | |||||||
| 内容記述 | 九州工業大学博士学位論文 学位記番号：生工博甲第416号 学位授与年月日：令和3年9月24日 | |||||||
| キーワード | ||||||||
| 主題Scheme | Other | |||||||
| 主題 | Hydrothermal | |||||||
| キーワード | ||||||||
| 主題Scheme | Other | |||||||
| 主題 | Biomass | |||||||
| キーワード | ||||||||
| 主題Scheme | Other | |||||||
| 主題 | Biochar | |||||||
| キーワード | ||||||||
| 主題Scheme | Other | |||||||
| 主題 | Cellulose | |||||||
| アドバイザー | ||||||||
| 安藤, 義人 | ||||||||
| 学位授与番号 | ||||||||
| 学位授与番号 | 甲第416号 | |||||||
| 学位名 | ||||||||
| 学位名 | 博士（工学） | |||||||
| 学位授与年月日 | ||||||||
| 学位授与年月日 | 2021-09-24 | |||||||
| 学位授与機関 | ||||||||
| 学位授与機関識別子Scheme | kakenhi | |||||||
| 学位授与機関識別子 | 17104 | |||||||
| 学位授与機関名 | 九州工業大学 | |||||||
| 学位授与年度 | ||||||||
| 内容記述タイプ | Other | |||||||
| 内容記述 | 令和3年度 | |||||||
| 出版タイプ | ||||||||
| 出版タイプ | VoR | |||||||
| 出版タイプResource | http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 | |||||||
| アクセス権 | ||||||||
| アクセス権 | open access | |||||||
| アクセス権URI | http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 | |||||||
| ID登録 | ||||||||
| ID登録 | 10.18997/00008657 | |||||||
| ID登録タイプ | JaLC | |||||||
